State Street Corporation is a financial services and bank holding company headquartered at One Lincoln Street in Boston with operations worldwide. It is the 2nd United States bank on the list of oldest banks in continuous operation; its predecessor, Union Bank, was founded in 1792. It is one of the largest asset management companies in the world with US$2.78 trillion under management and US$33.12 trillion under custody and administration.
The company is ranked 271st on the Fortune 500.
The company is on the list of the banks that are too big to fail published by the Financial Stability Board.
The company is named after State Street in Boston, which was known as the "Great Street to the Sea" in the 18th century as Boston became a flourishing maritime capital. The company's logo includes a clipper to reflect the maritime industry in Boston during this time.
Video State Street Corporation
Current operations
Investment servicing: State Street Global Services
State Street Bank and Trust Company, also known as Global Services, is the investment servicing division of State Street. It provides asset owners and managers with custodian bank services (safekeeping, corporate actions), fund accounting (pricing and valuation), and administration (financial reporting, tax, compliance, and legal) services. Global Services handles assets from many classes, including equities, derivatives, exchange-traded funds, fixed income assets, private equity, and real estate. State Street administers 40% of the assets under administration in the US mutual fund market. Global Services also provides outsourcing for operations activities and handles US$10.2 trillion of middle-office assets.
Investment management: State Street Global Advisors
State Street Global Advisors dates back to 1978. It provides asset management, investment management, research, and advisory services to corporations, mutual funds, insurance companies, and other institutional investors. Global Advisors develops both passive management and active management strategies using both quantitative and fundamental approaches.
In 1993, the company created the SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF, the first exchange-traded fund (ETF), and is now one of the largest ETF providers worldwide.
State Street Global Markets
Global Markets is State Street's securities business. It offers research, trading, and securities lending services for foreign exchange, stocks, fixed income, and derivatives. To avoid a conflict of interest, the company does not run proprietary trading books. Global Markets maintains trading desks in Boston, London, Sydney, Toronto, and Tokyo.
Maps State Street Corporation
History
The company traces its roots to Union Bank, which received a charter in 1792 from Massachusetts Governor John Hancock. It was the third bank to be chartered in Boston and its office was at the corner of State and Exchange Streets. In 1865, Union Bank received a national charter and became the National Union Bank of Boston. The bank later built a headquarters at Washington and State streets.
State Street Deposit & Trust Co opened in 1891. It became the custodian of the first U.S. mutual fund in 1924, the Massachusetts Investors Trust (now MFS Investment Management).
20th century
State Street and National Union merged in 1925. This merger gives the current entity its position among the oldest banks in the United States.
The company merged with Second National Bank in 1955 and with the Rockland-Atlas National Bank in 1961.
In 1966, the company completed construction of the State Street Bank Building, a new headquarters building, the first high-rise office tower in downtown Boston.
In 1972, the company opened its first international office in Munich.
In 1973, as a 50/50 joint venture with DST Systems, the company formed Boston Financial Data Services, a provider of shareholder record-keeping, intermediary and investor services, and regulatory compliance. More than 100 top staff from IBM were hired by State Street as it set about implementing IBM mainframe computer systems.
In 1975, William Edgerly became president and chief executive officer of the bank and shifted the company's strategy from commercial banking to investments and securities processing.
During the 1980s and 1990s, the company opened offices in Montreal, Toronto, Dublin, London, Paris, Dubai, Sydney, Wellington, Hong Kong, and Tokyo.
By 1992, most of State Street's revenue came from fees for holding securities, settling trades, keeping records, and performing accounting. In 1994, the company formed State Street Global Advisors, a global asset management business.
In 1999, it sold its retail and commercial banking businesses to Citizens Financial Group.
In 1995, the company acquired Investors Fiduciary Trust of Kansas City for $162 million from DST Systems and Kemper Financial Services.
In 2002, State Street Bank Luxembourg was founded, and as of 2018 is the largest player in the country's fund industry by assets.
In 2003, the company acquired the securities services division of Deutsche Bank for $1.5 billion. The company also sold its corporate trust business to U.S. Bancorp for $725 million.
In 2003, the company sold its private asset management business to U.S. Trust.
In July 2007, the company acquired Investors Bank & Trust for $4.5 billion.
In October 2008, the United States Department of the Treasury invested $2 billion in the company as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program and in July 2009, the company became the first major financial firm to repay the Treasury.
In 2010, the company acquired Mourant International Finance Administration. It also acquired the securities services group of Intesa Sanpaolo for $1.87 billion.
In December 2010, the company announced that it would be retrenching 5% of its workforce and effectively reducing the hourly wages of remaining employees by 10% via increased standard work hours.
In November 2011, the company was named as amongst the world's 29 systemic banks.
In 2012, the company acquired Goldman Sachs Administration Services, a hedge fund administrator, for $550 million.
In November 2014, the company sold SSARIS Advisors, its hedge fund unit, to senior management.
In July 2016, the company acquired the asset management business of General Electric.
In 2016, State Street launched a program called Beacon, focused on cutting cost and improving reporting technology.
In 2017, the company announced that Jay Hooley, the chief executive officer of the company, would retire.
Controversies
Currency trade fraud
In 2009, California alleged on behalf of its pension funds CalPERS and CalSTRS that State Street had committed fraud on currency trades handled by the custodian bank. In October 2011, two executives from State Street Global Markets left the company following charges over the pricing of a fixed income transaction. In April 2016, they were charged by the United States Department of Justice.
Non-disclosure of short position
On February 28, 2012, State Street Global Advisors entered into a consent order with the Massachusetts Securities Division. The Division was investigating SSGA's role as the investment manager of a $1.65 billion (USD) hybrid collateralized debt obligation. The investigation resulted in a fine of $5 million (USD) for the non-disclosure of certain initial investors taking a short position on portions of the CDO.
During the May 2012 annual shareholders meeting, chairman and chief executive Jay Hooley was shouted down on numerous occasions by protesters in relation to the outsourcing and other grievances.
Secret commissions
On January 18, 2017, State Street agreed to pay $64.6 million to resolve U.S. investigations into what prosecutors said was a scheme to defraud six clients through secret commissions on billions of dollars of trades.
Fearless Girl statue
In March 2017, State Street Global Advisors commissioned a statue called Fearless Girl by Kristen Visbal and placed it temporarily in the Financial District, Manhattan, in front of the Wall Street icon Charging Bull. The statue is an advertisement for an index fund which comprises gender diverse companies that have a higher percentage of women among their senior leadership. While some have seen it as an encouragement of women in business, some women criticized the statue as "corporate feminism" that violated their own feminist principles. In October 2017, the company paid $5 million to settle a lawsuit charging that it had paid certain female and African-American executives less than their male and European-American peers.
See also
State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc. is a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled on July 23, 1998 that a computer algorithm can be patented to the extent that it produces "a useful, concrete and tangible result".
References
External links
Archives and records
- State Street Bank records at Harvard Business School.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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